Highlights |IAS Current Affairs 19-08-2019
IAS Coaching Current Affairs 19-08-2019- The following article contains all the updated events and new for IAS Preparation. Our daily IAS Current Affairs and News cover the most important topics to give precise information to the reader and IAS Aspirants.
- Iran-West tensions
- India-Bhutan
- A geographical indication (GI)
- Know India Programme (KIP)
- ENVIRONMENT
- POLITY
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IAS Current Affairs and News Analysis (19-08-2019)
(PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS)
Iran-West tensions
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II – International relations
- An Iranian oil supertanker that was seized by the UK almost a month back in the midst of raising pressure among Tehran and the West, was discharged on Sunday and was moving endlessly from Gibraltar.
- The ship, presently renamed Adrian Darya 1, was recently known as Grace 1. It has a load of in any event $130m worth of light unrefined petroleum.
- English Royal Marines had held onto the vessel in Gibraltar in July on doubt that it was conveying oil to Syria, a nearby partner of Iran, infringing upon EU sanctions.
- The choice came after Gibraltar’s administration said it had gotten composed confirmations from Iran that the ship would not be set out toward nations “subject to European Union approvals”.
Do You Know?
- Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory and headland, on Spain’s south coast.
- In 1704, Anglo-Dutch powers caught Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession in the interest of the Habsburg guarantee to the Spanish position of royalty. The region was surrendered to Great Britain in ceaselessness under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.
- The seizure of Grace 1 set off a sharp weakening in relations among Iran and the United Kingdom.
- Tehran hence kept the British-hailed tanker in what was viewed as a blow for blow move. That tanker, the Stena Impero, is still in Iranian care.
- US court had given a warrant for the seizure of the Iranian Oil tanker, in light of the fact that it had connections to Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), which the US has assigned a “fear monger” association.
- Gibraltar’s administration anyway said that it couldn’t follow the US court’s warrant in view of European law.
India-Bhutan
Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS II – International relations
In News
- PM Modi during his ongoing visit to Bhutan has said that India and Bhutan are “normal accomplices” in carrying thriving to their people groups.
- The two nations likewise marked 10 MoUs to extend their reciprocal relationship and inject new vitality in their ties. A portion of the key MoUs include:
- Initiation of the Mangdechhu hydroelectric power plant. A large portion of the power produced by it will meet the vitality necessities of Bhutan and the surplus power will be sent out to India.
- Dispatch of the RuPay Card in Bhutan to further improve the respective relationship in advanced instalments, and exchange and the travel industry.
- Cash Swap breaking point expanded: extra $100 million will be accessible to Bhutan under a backup swap course of action to meet the outside trade necessity.
- Space participation: Inauguration the Ground Earth Station and SATCOM organize, created with help from ISRO for use of South Asia Satellite in Bhutan.
- MoU marked for interconnection between India’s National Knowledge Network and Bhutan’s Druk Research and Education Network.
A geographical indication (GI)
Part of: GS Prelims
In News
- The Geographical Indication (GI) under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade has as of late enrolled 4 new GIs.
- Palani Panchamirtham:
- Palani Panchamirtham, an abishega Prasadam, is one of the principal contributions for the managing god of Arulmigu Dhandayuthapaniswamy Temple, arranged in Palani Hills in Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu.
- It is a blend of five normal substances, in particular, banana, jaggery sugar, cow ghee, nectar and cardamom in a clear extent.
- This is the first run through a sanctuary ‘prasadam’ from Tamil Nadu has been given with the GI tag.
- Tawlhlohpuan:
- Tawlhlohpuan is a medium to overwhelming, minimalistically woven, great quality texture from Mizoram.
- It is known for twist yarns, distorting, weaving and mind-boggling structures that are made by hand.
- Tawlhloh, in Mizo language, signifies ‘to stand firm or not to go in reverse’
- Mizo Puanchei:
- Mizo Puanchei is a vivid Mizo shawl/material, from Mizoram.
- It is a basic belonging for each Mizo woman and a significant marriage outfit in the state. It is additionally the most usually utilized outfit in Mizo bubbly moves.
- The weavers embed the structures and themes by utilizing valuable yarns while weaving to make this material
- Tirur Betel leaf:
- Tirur betel basically developed in Malappuram District of Kerala, is esteemed both for its gentle stimulant activity and therapeutic properties.
- Despite the fact that it is normally utilized for making dish masala for biting, it has numerous therapeutic, mechanical and social uses.
Know India Programme (KIP)
Part of: GS Prelims and Mains GS I – Indian Society
In News
- A gathering of Indian Origin youth has visited India under the 54th Edition of KIP, booked from first August to 25th August 2019 in relationship with the accomplice satiates of Punjab and Haryana.
- KIP is a 25-day direction program sorted out by the Ministry of External Affairs in association with the conditions of India.
- The target of the program is to make Indian diaspora (matured between 18-30 years) mindful about India, its social legacy, workmanship and to advance mindfulness about the advancement made by India in different fields, for example, Industry, Education, ICT, Climate and Power and Renewable Energy and so on.
- Since 2004, the Ministry has led 53 releases of KIP with the investment of 1821 Overseas Indian youth.
- In 2016, the plan was redone to expand term from 21 to 25 days, with a 10-day visit to a couple of States and inclination given to PIOs from Girmitiya nations.
- Since 2016, six KIPs are being sorted out in a year.
- A limit of 40 Indian Diaspora youth are chosen for each program and gave full neighbourliness in India.
Do You Know?
- “Girmitiyas” or Indentured Laborers, is the name given the Indians who left Indian in the centre and late nineteenth Century to fill in as workers in the British states, where the dominant party in the end settled.
- Mauritius, Fiji, Suriname, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago are known as Girmitiya Countries.
(MAINS FOCUS)
ENVIRONMENT
TOPIC: General Studies 3
- Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Plastic Pollution
Context:
- Around the world, 75 % of all plastic created is squandered, and 87% of this is spilt into nature.
- In his Independence Day discourse, Prime Minister Narendra Modi called for liberating India from “single-utilize plastic”.
Concerns:
- A concentrate by the University of Newcastle, Australia, and distributed by the World Wildlife Foundation this year presumed that a normal individual might be ingesting 5 grams of plastic consistently.
- More than 33% of plastic waste winds up in nature, particularly water, which is the biggest wellspring of plastic ingestion as per the report.
- India positions to number three as far as plastic filaments found in an example of faucet water – 82.4 % of faucet water examined in India contained more than four plastic strands for each 500 ml
What is the present scenario of plastics?
- Plastics are natural polymers of high sub-atomic mass and are normally engineered, chiefly got from petrochemicals.
- Because of their minimal effort, simplicity of production, flexibility, non-destructiveness and impenetrability to water, plastics are utilized for numerous reasons at various scales.
- Directly, more than one million plastic packs and one million plastic jugs are utilized each moment around the world.
- About half of the plastics utilized are single-use (dispensable) which comprise 10% of the all-out the waste produced.
- Also, of the 7 billion tons of plastic waste created, just 9% was reused, 12% burned, and 79% amassed in landfills or nature.
What is the impact of plastics on the environment?
- The plastics, generally single-use plastics are conveyed down the streams to the seas and this records for 66% of the plastic waste present in the seas.
- This influences the marine biological system as fishes are murdered when they swallow plastic particles.
- Additionally, the monetary effect because of plastic contamination is high, particularly in fisheries and the travel industry division.
- Another immediate effect of plastic contamination is on the land, as it corrupts gradually and filters synthetic substances into the environment and groundwater.
- Drinking water tests in various pieces of the world including India uncover nearness of up to 83% smaller scale plastic focuses.
What measures can be taken to reduce plastic pollution?
- Plastic use can’t be altogether dispensed with from everyday exercises, except safe transfer, reuse and lessening the amount should be possible.
- Arrangements ought to be made to limit plastic creation and energize reusing.
- Since plastics are utilized by the basic man, a conduct change is essential and isolation of family unit waste must be made obligatory.
- Mindfulness must be made on the threats of plastics dangers and to settle on feasible and biodegradable items.
- Motivators for creating eco-accommodating substitutes (material/paper/jute sacks, leaves/areca leaf plates, paper straws), logical just as budgetary help must be given.
India’s Stand:
- India pulled out all the stops in their promise to Beat Plastic Pollution today, with a declaration to dispose of all single-utilize plastic in the nation by 2022. This uncommon aggressive move against dispensable plastic will definitely stem the progression of plastics from 1.3 billion individuals and business in the fasted developing economy on the planet.
- India has 7,500 km of coastline – the seventh longest in Asia. As a major aspect of this responsibility, the administration will set up a national and territorial marine litter activity crusade just as a program to gauge the complete marine plastic impression in India’s seaside waters.
- The organization between the UN Environment and BCCI to ‘green cricket’ the nation over – expects to decrease cricket’s ecological effect by greening tasks and connecting with fans and cricketers in green activities.
- Government to start a five-year exercise to register region-level information of the nation’s ecological riches. The information will be utilized to ascertain each State’s ‘green’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
- The administration has additionally propelled a ‘green skilling’ program – Green Skill Development Program (GSDP), under which youth, especially school dropouts, would be prepared in the scope of ‘green occupations’. GSDP means to get 80, 000 individuals conferred green aptitudes and in filling the expertise holes in the earth area. Green Skill Development Program will go far in procuring the statistic profit of the nation; GSDP to cover about 5 lakh individuals by 2021.
- Vow to make 100 national landmarks without litter.
What is the way forward?
As people: We can decrease our plastic contamination and be all the more naturally cognizant by keeping away from single-use plastics (for example straws, cups, cutlery, and so forth.) and bundling materials (for example polybags). Rather, we can utilize jute sacks, glass containers or containers, steel or clay cutleries and utensils, and paper-made tetra packs.
The private segment needs to put more in delivering choices and biodegradable plastics and in eliminating the generation of plastic. More research and innovation venture and improvement are required to make options in contrast to plastic that is monetarily feasible and reasonable.
The legislature should assume the main job by authorizing solid arrangements and guidelines that will support an increasingly practical model for the plan and generation of plastics – Local bodies commanded under rules to guarantee isolation, gathering and move of waste to enrolled recyclers have fabulously neglected to satisfy their obligations.
The State Level Monitoring Committees accommodated under the standards have not been made responsible. The waste administration structure is useless.
Specialized and budgetary impetuses from the legislature are instrumental for the change of the current generation framework to an increasingly feasible one.
Connecting the dots:
- “India’s natural assorted variety and wealth are generally perceived yet have never been evaluated.” Discuss this in the setting of the choice taken to compute each State’s ‘green’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
- I’m not catching your meaning by plastic streets? What are its advantages?
POLITY
Topic: General studies 2
- Capacities and duties of the Union and the States, issues and difficulties relating to the government structure, devolution of forces and funds up to nearby levels and difficulties in that.
- Partition of forces between different organs contest redressal components and foundations.
How states are split into seats
Context:
- With J&K revamped, everyone’s eyes are on how the Election Commission will continue with the delimitation of supporters.
- Since the bifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir state into the Union Territories of J&K and Ladakh, delimitation of their discretionary supporters has been inescapable. While the administration has not officially told the Election Commission yet, the EC has held “inward discourses” on the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019, especially its arrangements on delimitation.
What is Delimitation?
- Delimitation is the demonstration of redrawing limits of Lok Sabha and state Assembly seats to speak to changes in the populace. In this procedure, the number of seats assigned to various states in Lok Sabha and the absolute number seats in a Legislative Assembly may likewise change.
Objective of delimitation
- The essential objective of delimitation is to give proportionate depiction to ascend to parts of the masses.
- It moreover goes for a sensible division of geographical zones with the objective that one ideological gathering doesn’t have a touch of breathing space over others in a political choice.
- Delimitation is finished by a self-sufficient Delimitation Commission.
- The Constitution arranges that its solicitations are convincing and can’t be tended to under the attentive gaze of any court as it would hold up a political race uncertainly.
How is delimitation carried out?
- Under Article 82, the Parliament institutes a Delimitation Act after each Census. When the Act is in power, the Union government sets up a Delimitation Commission made up of a resigned Supreme Court judge, the Chief Election Commissioner and the individual State Election Commissioners.
- The Commission should decide the number and limits of voting demographics such that the number of inhabitants in all seats, so far as practicable, is the equivalent.
- The Commission is likewise entrusted with distinguishing seats held for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; these are the place their populace is generally enormous.
- This is done based on the most recent Census and, if there should be an occurrence of the contrast of feeling among individuals from the Commission, the assessment of the larger part wins.
- The draft proposition of the Delimitation Commission are distributed in the Gazette of India, official periodicals of the states concerned and at any rate two vernacular papers for open input.
- The Commission likewise holds open sittings. In the wake of hearing people in general, it thinks about complaints and recommendations, got recorded as a hard copy or orally during open sittings, and completes changes, assuming any, in the draft proposition. The last request is distributed in the Gazette of India and the State Gazette and comes into power out on the town indicated by the President.
How often has delimitation been done in the past?
- The principal delimitation practice in 1950-51 was completed by the President (with the assistance of the Election Commission), as the Constitution around then was quiet on who ought to attempt the division of states into Lok Sabha seats.
- This delimitation was brief as the Constitution commanded redrawing of limits after each Census. Henceforth, delimitation was expected after the 1951 Census. Bringing up that the main delimitation had left numerous ideological groups and people miserable, the EC prompted the legislature that every future exercise ought to be done by a free commission.
- This recommendation was acknowledged and the Delimitation Commission Act was ordered in 1952. Delimitation Commissions have been set up multiple times — 1952, 1963, 1973 and 2002 under the Acts of 1952, 1962, 1972 and 2002. There was no delimitation after the 1981 and 1991 Censuses.
Why was there no delimitation then?
- The Constitution commands that the quantity of Loksabha seats distributed to a state would be with the end goal that the proportion between that number and the number of inhabitants in the state is, similar to practicable, the equivalent for all states.
- Albeit unintended, this arrangement suggested that expresses that checked out populace control could wind up with a more noteworthy number of seats in Parliament.
- The southern states that advanced family arranging confronted the plausibility of having their seats diminished. To relieve these apprehensions, the Constitution was corrected during Indira Gandhi’s Emergency rule in 1976 to suspend delimitation until 2001.
- Notwithstanding the ban, there were a couple of events that called for rearrangement in the quantity of Parliament and Assembly seats distributed to a state. These incorporate statehood accomplished by Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram in 1986, the formation of a Legislative Assembly for the National Capital Territory of Delhi, and making of new states, for example, Uttarakhand.
- In spite of the fact that the stop on the number of seats in Loksabha and Assemblies ought to have been lifted after the 2001 Census, another alteration deferred this until 2026.
- This was legitimized on the ground that a uniform populace development rate would be accomplished all through the nation by 2026.
- Along these lines, the last delimitation workout — began in July 2002 and finished on May 31, 2008 — depended on the 2001 Census and just straightened out limits of existing Loksabha and Assembly situates and modified the quantity of held seats.
Why is delimitation for Jammu and Kashmir in the news now?
- Delimitation of Jammu and Kashmir’s Lok Sabha seats is administered by the Indian Constitution, however, delimitation of its Assembly situates (until unique status was revoked as of late) was administered independently by the Jammu and Kashmir Constitution and Jammu and Kashmir Representation of the People Act, 1957.
- To the extent delimitation of Loksabha seats is concerned, the last Delimitation Commission of 2002 was not depended with this errand. Henceforth, J&K parliamentary seats stay as delimited based on the 1971 Census.
- With respect to Assembly situates, despite the fact that the delimitation arrangements of the J&K Constitution and the J&K Representation of the People Act, 1957, are like those of the Indian Constitution and Delimitation Acts, they command a different Delimitation Commission for J&K.
- In genuine practice, a similar focal Delimitation Commission set up for different states was received by J&K in 1963 and 1973.
- While the alteration of 1976 to the Indian Constitution suspended delimitation in the remainder of the nation till 2001, no comparing revision was made to the J&K Constitution.
- Subsequently, in contrast to the remainder of the nation, the Assembly seats of J&K were delimited dependent on the 1981 Census, which framed the premise of the state decisions in 1996.
- There was no evaluation in the state in 1991 and no Delimitation Commission was set up by the state government after the 2001 Census as the J&K Assembly passed a law putting a stop on new delimitation until 2026. This stop was maintained by the Supreme Court.
- The J&K Assembly has 87 seats — 46 in Kashmir, 37 in Jammu and 4 in Ladakh. Twenty-four seats are held for Pakistan-involved Kashmir (PoK). The stop, some ideological groups contend, has made disparity for Jammu locale.
Conclusion:
This month, the Union government rejected the state’s uncommon status and transformed J&K into a Union Territory. Under this law, delimitation of Loksabha and Assembly situates in J&K UT will be according to the arrangements of the Indian Constitution. The Act additionally expresses that in the following delimitation work out, which is relied upon to kick start soon, the quantity of Assembly seats will increment from 107 to 114. The expansion in seats is relied upon to profit Jammu locale.
Connecting the dots:
- Talk about the issues with Delimitation? recommend the measures to over the issues.
(TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE)
Model questions: (You can now post your answers in the comment section)
Note:
- Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”.
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Q.1) Know India Programme is organised by which Union Ministry?
- Ministry of Human Resource Development
- Ministry of Culture
- Ministry of External Affairs
- Ministry of Home Affairs
Q.2) Consider the following statements about Geographical Indication Tag
- GI is an indication used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin.
- GI products can benefit the rural economy in remote areas, by supplementing the incomes of artisans, farmers, weavers and craftsmen.
- Palani Panchamirtham is the first temple ‘prasadam’ in India to have been bestowed with the GI tag.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1,2 and 3
Q.3) Mangdechhu hydroelectric power plant is located in which country?
- India
- Nepal
- Bhutan
- Bangladesh
Q.4) Strait of Gibraltar connects which two water bodies?
- Atlantic Ocean
- Pacific Ocean
- Mediterranean Sea
- Red Sea
Select the correct answers from the codes given below.
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 4 only
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