Highlights |UPSC Exam Current Affairs 07-01-2020
UPSC exam current affairs 07-01-2020 The following article contains all the updated events and news for IAS Preparation. Our daily IAS Current Affairs and News cover the most important topics to give precise information to the reader and IAS Aspirants.
- UJALA: Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All
- Gurudwara Nankana Sahib in Pakistan
- Indian Data Relay Satellite System (IDRSS)
- CYBERSECURITY
- Iran nuclear deal: Iran has stepped away from the nuclear deal
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UPSC Exam Current Affairs 07-01-2020 are followed in the part below:
UPSC Exam Current Affairs and News Analysis (07-01-2020)
UJALA: Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All
Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- Governance
In News
- UJALA and Street Lighting National Program (SLNP) of the focal government has finished five effective years on January 5, 2020.
- Through the UJALA activity, over 36.13 crores LED bulbs have been dispersed crosswise over India. This has come about in assessed vitality investment funds of 46.92 billion kWh every year and an expected GHG discharge decrease of 38 million t CO2 every year.
- Road Lighting National Program (SLNP) is the world’s biggest streetlight substitution program. About 1.03 crore savvy LED streetlights have been introduced till date, empowering an expected vitality investment funds of 6.97 billion kWh every year.
- Both have been initiated and executed by Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), a joint endeavour of PSUs under the Ministry of Power, Government of India.
JUS COGENS
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II- Indian Polity, International affairs
In News
- JUS COGENS signifying “convincing law” in Latin, is decided in global law that are authoritative or legitimate, and from which states can’t go amiss.
- These standards can’t be counterbalanced by a different settlement between parties aiming to do as such since they hold central qualities. Today, most states and universal associations acknowledge the rule of jus cogens, which goes back to Roman occasions.
- Up until this point, a comprehensive rundown of jus cogens rules doesn’t exist. Be that as it may, the denial of servitude, destruction, racial segregation, torment, and the privilege to self-assurance are perceived standards.
Great Indian Bustard
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains –III- Environment Conservation
In News
- The Great Indian Bustard (GIB), is one of the heaviest flying winged creatures and is found for the most part in the Indian subcontinent. Scarcely 150 of these flying creatures are assessed to be enduring now internationally.
- Today, its populace is bound generally to Rajasthan and Gujarat. A little populace likewise happens in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
- Alongside chick-raising community for GIB in Jaisalmer, Sorsan in Rajasthan has been recognized as the most favourable site for their raising, because of accessibility of fields, access to streets and appropriate climatic conditions.
- Disappearing fields, uncontrolled utilization of pesticides and bug sprays in ranches which has affected their nourishment living space, assaults by hounds and foxes, poaching and nearness of high voltage electrical cables are a significant risk to the GIB
- Conservation status:
- Listed in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection)Act, 1972,
- Listed in Appendix I of CITES
- Listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List
Gurudwara Nankana Sahib in Pakistan
Part of: GS Prelims and GS-I- History
In News
- Gurdwara Janam Asthan (additionally called Nankana Sahib Gurdwara) is worked over the site where Guru Nanak, the originator of Sikhism, was accepted to be conceived in 1469.
- The Janam Asthan hallowed place was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh after he visited Nankana Sahib in 1818-19 while coming back from the Battle of Multan.
- During British guideline, the Gurdwara Janam Asthan was the site of a fierce scene when in 1921, more than 130 Akali Sikhs were slaughtered after they were assaulted by the Mahant of the hallowed place.
- The episode is viewed as one of the key achievements in the Gurdwara Reform Movement, which prompted the death of the Sikh Gurdwara Act in 1925 that finished the Mahant control of Gurdwaras.
Farmers’ Innovation Fund: To be set up by ICAR
Part of: GS Prelims and GS II- Governance
In News
- The reserve will be utilized to deductively approve, scale-up and spread the advancements of dynamic ranchers
- The aim was to connect ranchers and cultivating with science and to guarantee that their homestead rehearses were science-based.
- Developments of ranchers were at that point being recorded by the Krishi Vigyan Kendras, notwithstanding, the extra framework would urge ranchers to proceed with their work.
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
- It is a self-ruling association under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
- The Council is the zenith body for co-ordinating, directing and overseeing examination and training in farming including cultivation, fisheries and animal sciences in the whole nation.
- With 101 ICAR organizations and 71 agrarian colleges spread the nation over, this is one of the biggest national horticultural frameworks on the planet.
Indian Data Relay Satellite System (IDRSS)
Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III- Space Science & Technology
In News
- India intends to get its very own arrangement of room to-space following and correspondence of its space resources by setting up another satellite arrangement called IDRSS. It is fundamentally a lot of satellites that will follow, send and get data from different satellites.
- The two-satellite IDRSS is intended to follow and be always in contact with Indian satellites, specifically, those in low-earth circles which have constrained inclusion of earth.
- IDRSS satellites of the 2,000 kg class would be propelled on the GSLV launcher to geostationary circles around 36,000 km away.
- The main recipient would be the imminent team individuals from the Gaganyaan crucial 2022 who can be completely and ceaselessly in contact with mission control all through their movement.
- It will be helpful in checking dispatches and imperative for ISRO which has arranged in future a few propelled Low Earth Orbit (LEO) missions, for example, space docking, space station, just as removed campaigns to the moon, Mars and Venus.
Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSD)
Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- Health
In News
- The lysosomes are essential stomach related units inside cells. Their capacity is to separate complex parts into more straightforward ones. They corrupt complex parts, for example, proteins (substrates) into less difficult segments.
- At the point when this procedure doesn’t happen because of compound lack, the harmful substrates start to amass in the cells. That is the reason these maladies are classified as “stockpiling illnesses”.
- Thusly, Lysosomal stockpiling sicknesses are acquired metabolic infections that are portrayed by an anomalous develop of different lethal materials in the body’s cells because of protein insufficiencies.
- The most lysosomal stockpiling issue is acquired in an autosomal latent way.
- There are almost 50 of these scatters inside and out, and they may influence various pieces of the body, including the skeleton, mind, skin, heart, and focal sensory system.
- There is as of now no endorsed treatment for some lysosomal stockpiling infections.
(MAINS FOCUS)
CYBERSECURITY
TOPIC: General Studies 3:
- Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
- Challenges to internal security through communication networks
Data privacy law: California’s new privacy law — the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) (Part-1)
Context:
California’s new privacy law — the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) — is first-of-its-kind data legislation went into effect recently.
Need :
- Data are increasingly commodified by technology conglomerates
California’s new privacy law gives the right to users:
- Clients reserve the privilege to perceive what individual data organizations gather about them, and the reason and procedure of the assortment. Individual data alludes to any data that can be connected back to the client.
- The client can ask for and see what inductions the organizations make about them,
- A client has the option to see insights regarding their own data being sold or given to an outsider.
- Clients can cause organizations to erase their own data and quit hosting their information offered to third gatherings.
- Clients can get a duplicate of the gathered individual data for nothing.
- Guardians need to offer consent to organizations before the organizations can sell the information of their kids younger than 13 to outsiders.
Why Right to ask for deletion?
- The more an organization thinks about you, the more force it needs to shape your day by day life.
- For example, demonstrating you a shoe promotion, to choosing your activity, your lodging, or forming what applicant you support in a political race.
Exceptions:
- The law spreads out certain special cases, for example, data important for finishing exchanges, giving help, ensuring shopper security, and securing the right to speak freely of discourse.
Affects of this law:
- Numerous organizations are thinking that it is simpler to roll out legitimate improvements for all clients as opposed to attempting to recognize clients from California. Microsoft will turn out changes for all Americans, and Mozilla (which claims the Firefox program) will make changes for every one of their clients.
- The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as well, moved the whole Internet economy, not only that of the EU.
Criticisms:
- The Act gives clients the privilege to stop the selling of their information, however not the assortment of their information.
- It doesn’t do a lot to influence organizations like Facebook and Google that make the greater part of their cash by gathering the information, not by selling it. Promoters pay Facebook to target advertisements to clients dependent on that information; they don’t pay Facebook for the information itself.
- The demonstration puts the weight of exploring this perplexing economy on clients.
- A significant number of the arrangements are enigmatically worded — leaving ideas, for example, “outsider sharing” or “selling” up to understanding.
Conclusion:
- Clients get right to get to the information, the privilege to request its cancellation, and the privilege to forestall its deal to outsiders. On account of the worldwide idea of the Internet, these progressions will influence clients around the world.
Connecting the dots:
- What are the challenges regarding data protection and how can they be addressed?
- Do you think Data protection is one of the key elements for a robust cyber policy?
POLITY
TOPIC: General Studies 2:
- India and its neighbourhood- relations.
- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests
- Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests
Iran nuclear deal: Iran has stepped away from the nuclear deal
Context:
- Iran said it would surrender confinements on enhancing uranium, declining to hold fast to the 2015 atomic arrangement it marked with six significant forces, yet would keep on helping out the UN atomic guard dog.
- Iran’s declaration comes after its top security and insight leader, Major General Qassem Soleimani, was executed in a US ramble assault in Baghdad
Timeline:
- Iran sanctioned the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1970, and wanted to grow its atomic force.
- After the Islamic Revolution, these plans were stopped, and in the late 1980s, Iran set up an undeclared atomic weapons program called the AMAD venture.
- In 2003, under global tension, Iran stopped the program, and marked an Additional Protocol to its NPT shields understanding, giving the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) more prominent powers in checking the program.
- In 2006, the US, Russia and China joined Britain, France and Germany to frame the P5+1 gathering of countries attempting to convince Iran to check its atomic program.
- In 2009, under President Barack Obama, the US-directed broad one-on-one chats with Iran’s top atomic arbitrator.
- In 2013, Iran and the six forces reported an interval understanding that incidentally controlled Tehran’s atomic program and unfrozen some Iranian resources, making way for broadened arrangements on an exhaustive atomic accord.
- in 2015, the Iran atomic arrangement (officially the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) was marked among Iran and the P5 (the five changeless individuals from the UN Security Council) in addition to Germany and the European Union.
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action or Nuclear deal:
- Under JCPOA, Iran consented to dispense with its reserve of medium-improved uranium, cut its store of low-advanced uranium by 98%, and diminish by around 66% the number of its gas axes for a long time.
- For the following 15 years, Iran will just enhance uranium up to 3.67%.
- Iran additionally made a deal to avoid fabricating any new substantial water offices for a similar timeframe.
- Uranium-advancement exercises will be constrained to a solitary office utilizing original rotators for a long time.
- Different offices will be changed over to stay away from expansion dangers.
- To screen and confirm Iran’s consistency with the understanding, the International Atomic
What will Iran get in return?
- Iran will receive relief from U.S., European Union, and United Nations Security Council nuclear-related sanctions.
The reason behind the US decision to withdraw from the nuclear deal:
- Mr Trump’s choice isn’t about Iran obtaining atomic weapons. On the off chance that it was the genuine concern, it would have upheld an arrangement that shuts the way towards atomic weapons for Iran.
- Rather, the greater worry for Mr Trump just as Washington’s nearest partners in West Asia — Israel and Saudi Arabia — is Iran’s re-settlement in the worldwide monetary standard.
- They dread that if Iran’s monetary profile rises, it will encourage it to expand its provincial nearness, representing a key danger to the premiums of the U.S.- Saudi-Israel pivot
How does it affect India?
- The reintroduction of approvals against Iran is terrible news. Iran is presently India’s third-biggest wellspring of oil.
- Aside from supply disturbances, a further flood in unrefined costs will exacerbate India’s present record awkwardness and fuel swelling, when the economy is simply starting to give indications of coming back to a high development direction.
- For worldwide partnerships as well, there will be significant agony. For instance, there are said to be around 200 French organizations working in Iran and some like Renault have plants there. They will presently have a 90-day time span to slow down activities.
- India’s Chabahar port venture in Iran, which was simply giving indications of pushing ahead, could be in a tough situation.
Conclusion:
- US-Iran attaches have kept on compounding since President Donald Trump singularly pulled back from the 2015 atomic arrangement and forced devastating approvals on Iran.
- Relations between the two nations originally got sharp during the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which finished Iran’s expert West government, and supplanted it with the Islamic Republic
Connecting the dots:
- How do you think this affects India?
- What do you think might be the solution?
(TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE)
Model questions: (You can now post your answers in the comment section)
Q.1) Consider the following statements about UJALA Scheme
- The main objective is to promote efficient lighting, enhance awareness on using efficient equipment which reduces electricity bills and helps preserve the environment
- The scheme is being implemented by NITI Aayog in collaboration with State governments.
Which of the above statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Q.2) Consider the following statements about Great Indian Bustard
- It is the state bird of the state of Rajasthan
- It is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Q.3) Consider the following statements about Indian Data Relay Satellite System (IDRSS)
- Without data relay satellites, ISRO would have to create a large number of ground stations everywhere or hire them globally
- IDRSS satellites are of the 2,000 kg class that would be launched on the GSLV launcher to geostationary orbits around 36,000 km away.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Q.4) Consider the following statements about the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR)
- It is an autonomous organisation under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
- It is the apex body for co-ordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
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