Highlights |UPSC Exam Current Affairs 12-12-2019

Current Affairs and News (12-12-2019)- The following article contains all the updated events and news for IAS Preparation. Our daily IAS Current Affairs and News cover the most important topics to give precise information to the reader and IAS Aspirants.

Shore temple
River Pollution
RISAT
USMCA trade deal
Electric commercial aircraft
Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi)
Rape and sexual crimes law in India
Assam protests against Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB)

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UPSC Exam Current Affairs 12-12-2019 are followed in the part below:

UPSC Exam Current Affairs and News Analysis (12-12-2019)

Shore temple

Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains I– Culture& Geography

In News

The shoreline on the northern side of the Shore Temple in Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu is confronting serious ocean disintegration.
The Public Works Department is anticipating assets to develop crotches for beach front assurance at an expense of ₹95.95 crore.
As per PWD, consistently, about 4-5 m of the shoreline close to the sanctuary is declining.

Groynes

A crotch is a shore security structure constructed opposite to the shoreline of the coast (or stream), over the sea shore to lessen longshore float and trap silt. A crotch capacities as a physical obstruction by capturing sand moving along the shore.
Rock is frequently utilized as development material, yet wooden crotches, steel crotches, rubble-hill and sand-filled pack crotches, or crotches made of solid components can likewise be found. Rock crotches are commonly favored as they are progressively strong and ingest more wave vitality because of their penetrable nature.

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 12th December 2019

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River Pollution

Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III – Environment Conservation

In News

Tests taken from 66% of the water quality stations spreading over India’s significant waterways demonstrated tainting by at least one substantial metals, surpassing safe breaking points set by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
The investigation crossed 67 waterways in 20 stream bowls and was led by Central Water Commission (CWC) from May 2014 to April 2018.
Iron rose as the most widely recognized contaminant with 156 of the 442 examined destinations enlisting levels of the metal above safe breaking points.
None of the destinations enlisted arsenic levels over as far as possible.
The other significant contaminants found in the examples were lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium and copper.
Wellspring of metal contamination: Mining, processing, plating and surface completing enterprises that release an assortment of poisonous metals into the earth.
The nearness of metals in drinking water is somewhat unavoidable and certain metals, in follow sums, required for good wellbeing. Be that as it may, when present above safe breaking points, they are related with a scope of clutters.
Wellbeing Impact: Long-term introduction to the previously mentioned substantial metals may result in gradually advancing physical, strong, and neurological degenerative procedures that copy Alzheimer’s illness, Parkinson’s ailment, solid dystrophy and various sclerosis.

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RISAT

Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III – Space

In News

India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, in its 50th flight (PSLV-C48), effectively propelled RISAT-2BR1, an earth perception satellite, alongside nine business satellites of Israel, Italy, Japan and USA from Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota.
These satellites were propelled under business game plan with NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), the business arm of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

RISAT-2BR1:

It is a radar imaging earth perception satellite weighing around 628 kg.
The satellite will give benefits in the field of Agriculture, Forestry and Disaster Management. The mission life of RISAT-2BR1 is 5 years.
It is accepted that RISAT-2BR1 alongside Cartosat-3, a remote detecting satellite which was propelled on November 27, 2019, will likewise be utilized for military surveillance.
Before the dispatch of RISAT (Remote Imaging Satellite), India depended on pictures gave by Canadian satellites as the present residential remote detecting shuttle are not prepared to catch pictures of the earth during overcast spread.

PSLV

At first, the PSLV had a conveying limit of 850 kg, and throughout the years it has been improved to 1.9 tons.
The PSLV is extremely flexible, having different crucial PSLV had helped bring payloads into practically every one of the circles in space, including the Geo-Stationary Transfer Orbit (GTO), the moon and defaces, and would before long be propelling a strategic the Sun
The PSLV has flopped just twice — the lady trip of the PSLV D1 in September 1993 and the PSLV C-39 in August 2017.

USMCA trade deal

Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II- International Relations

In News

The US, Mexico and Canada have concluded the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) that will supplant the 25-year-old North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Be that as it may, the arrangement needs endorsement by lawmaking bodies in the three nations before it can push ahead.

Salient Features ofU.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)

USMCA is planned to most recent 16 years and will be evaluated at regular intervals.
Agribusiness: Farmers of significant yields never again need to stress over President Trump conceivably pulling out of the current Nafta and leaving them less significant fare markets. USMCA additionally gives dairy ranchers more access to Canada.Tariffs of up to 275% have kept most outside milk out of the Canadian market.
Auto Rules: Compared with Nafta, USMCA fundamentally fixes the standards that the car business needs to follow so as to exchange vehicles obligation free in North America. A specific extent of a vehicle should be created by laborers with higher wages, and a more noteworthy extent of segments should start in North America.
Pharma: The new dealremoves prerequisites for a 10-year selectiveness period for biologic medications [medication got from or containing parts of natural creatures, as opposed to having been absolutely synthesized], which would have profited enormous pharmaceutical organizations.
It likewise incorporates more grounded insurances for laborers, extreme natural principles, refreshes the exchange relationship to cover the advanced economy and gives harder licensed innovation assurances.
Computerized Freedom: USMCA, in contrast to the present Nafta, incorporates rules commanding the free progression of information among the three nations.
Canada figured out how to save the question settlement component as a security for its wood industry.
It additionally adds arrangements to forestall “control” of the exchange rules, including covering money esteems, and powers over outside nations attempting to exploit the obligation free market.

Electric commercial aircraft

Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Science & Technology

In News

World’s first completely electric business air ship stepped through its debut exam trip in Vancouver, Canada.
It included a six-traveler airplane fitted with an electric engine.
Seattle-based Engineering firm magniX planned the plane’s engine and worked in organization with Harbor Air.
The push to electric could help slice carbon outflows in the high-contaminating flight part.
The innovation would mean huge cost investment funds for carriers
An air ship like the one flown in Vancouver could just fly about 160km (100 miles) on lithium battery power. All things considered, electric flying machine that can travel long separations stay a major test for the area.
The e-plane must be tried further to affirm it is dependable and safe. Also, the electric engine must be endorsed and ensured by controllers.

Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi)

Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Science & Technology

In News

Bharti Airtel, which as of late evacuated its FUP (Fair Usage Policy) on calls to different systems, has presented Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi), a first for India
Wi-Fi Calling utilizes rapid Internet association, accessible by means of broadband, to make and get superior quality (HD) voice calls. Clients don’t need to pay extra for these calls as it is utilizing a Wi-Fi organize.
Wi-Fi Calling is pointed particularly for regions where cell systems are not solid.
This isn’t very different from a voice call utilizing WhatsApp or some other over-the-top informing stage, however here the call is starting with one number then onto the next, and not utilizing an application.

Wi-Fi Calling can be arranged on good cell phones by updating working frameworks to the variant that supports Wi-Fi Calling, and empowering this in Settings.
Airtel says it will before long be perfect with every broadband assistance and Wi-Fi hotspots, and turned out in different areas.

(MAINS FOCUS)

SOCIETY

TOPIC: General Studies 1:

Job of ladies and ladies’ association, populace and related issues, destitution and formative issues, urbanization, their issues and their cures.

Rape and sexual crimes law in India

SRC: Human Rights watch

Context:

There has been an objection for equity for the unfortunate casualties after the assault and murder of a veterinarian in Hyderabad and the consuming of an assault survivor in Unnao, Uttar Pradesh.

History of Rape law:

First presented in the Indian Penal Code in 1860.
The main Law Commission under the chairmanship of Lord Macaulay chose to place the criminal tradition that must be adhered to in two separate codes. (Indian Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure )

Indian Penal Code IPC :

Segment 375 of the IPC made culpable the demonstration of sex by a man with a lady on the off chance that it was done without wanting to or without her assent.
Her assent has been gotten by placing her or any individual in whom she is intrigued, in dread of death or of hurt is viewed as Rape
Sex with or without her assent, when she is under 18 years is viewed as assault.
Exemption : sex or sexual acts by a man with his better half, the spouse not being under 15 years old, isn’t assault.
Area 376 accommodated seven years of prison term to life detainment

Mathura custodial rape case 1972

In 1972 a youthful Adivasi young lady named Mathura was supposedly assaulted by police officers in the Desai Gunj Police Station in Maharashtra.
In the preliminary that followed, the sessions court reached the resolution that she had sex while at the police headquarters however assault had not been demonstrated and that she was habituated to intercourse.
The sessions court cleared both the police officers, the High Court switched the request for vindication.
At the point when the case arrived at the Supreme Court, it toppled the High Court decision saying that “the intercourse being referred to isn’t demonstrated to sum assault”.
SC 1978 decision, said no characteristics of damage were found on the young lady after the episode and “their nonappearance goes far to demonstrate that the supposed intercourse was a serene undertaking”.

Controversy and Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act 1983

Questionable SC 1978 decision started widescale dissents the nation over looking for a change in existing assault laws. This prompted Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act of 1983.

Segment 114A in the Indian Evidence Act of 1872 was embedded which assumed that there is nonattendance of assent in specific indictments of assault if the injured individual says as much. This applied to custodial assault cases.
Segment 228A was added which makes it culpable to reveal the character of the unfortunate casualty in Rape case

Law Commission:

Law Commission in its 172th report suggested enlarging the extent of assault law to make it impartial.
While the assault law in India even today remains sex explicit, as the culprit of the offense must be a ‘man’, the 172nd report prompted the revisions in the Indian Evidence Act in 2002.

Nirbhaya case in Delhi 2012 &Criminal Law (Amendment) Act in 2013

Parliament made the revisions on the proposal of the Justice J.S. Verma Committee, which was comprised to re-look the criminal laws in the nation and prescribe changes.
The 2013 Act, expanded prison terms in most rape cases and furthermore accommodated capital punishment in assault cases that cause passing of the person in question or leaves her in a vegetative state.
It additionally made new offenses, for example, utilization of criminal power on a lady with aim to uncover, voyeurism and stalking.
Unwelcome physical contact, words or motions, request or solicitation for sexual favors, indicating erotic entertainment against the desire of a lady or offering sexual comments stalking was made culpable corrosive assault was expanded to 10 years of detainment.

Offences against minors (Kathua Rape case in Jammu and Kashmir)

Prompted the death of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2018 which just because put capital punishment as a potential discipline for assault of a young lady under 12 years;
The base discipline is 20 years in prison.
The base prison term for assault, which has stayed unaltered since the presentation of the IPC in 1860, was expanded from seven to 10 years.

National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) 2017 report:

A sum of 3,59,849 bodies of evidence were accounted for against ladies in 2017.( 2016, 3.38 lakh , 3.2 lakh cases 2015) The quantity of cases revealed has expanded. U
Uttar Pradesh has again beaten the rundown with 56,011 instances of wrongdoing against ladies, trailed by Maharashtra with 31,979 cases and West Bengal at 30,002.
Violations against ladies establish murder, assault, settlement passing, suicide abetment, corrosive assault, mercilessness against ladies and capturing.
‘Mercilessness by spouse or his family members’ records for 27.9 percent of the wrongdoings against ladies.
‘Ambush on ladies with plan to shock her humility’ contain 21.7 percent, trailed by ‘capturing and snatching of ladies’ with 20.5 percent and ‘assault’ with 7.0 percent of revealed cases.

Rape data :

‘Assault’ remains with 7.0 percent of detailed cases.
A sum of 32,559 assaults were accounted for in 2017 in India.
Madhya Pradesh has recorded the most elevated number of assault cases at 5,562 cases being accounted for in 2017. Uttar Pradesh is underdog to MP.
Delhi, saw a decrease in detailing of assault cases, in 2017, 13,076 were accounted for, which is the most minimal over the most recent three years.
93.1 percent cases the charged were known to the people in question.
Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura can be viewed as modestly more secure than different states as they recorded the most minimal number of cases.

Way forward:

Make the criminal equity framework harder on a guilty party perpetrating sexual violations against ladies and kids.

Connecting the dots:

Disciplines must fortify individuals’ confidence in the standard of law, not undermine it. Break down

DEVELOPMENT

TOPIC: General Studies 2:

Government arrangements and mediations for advancement in different divisions and issues emerging out of their plan and execution.

Assam protests against Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB)

Context:

In the fights in the Northeast against the Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB), 2019, the shock has been generally extraordinary, supported and across the board in Assam.
Enormous pieces of the other Northeastern states have been absolved from the ambit of the CAB, despite the fact that there have been fights there as well. Then again, the bigger piece of Assam is under CAB.

Reason for protests in Assam

Anxiety against the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill established in a dread that illicit Bengali Hindu transients from Bangladesh, whenever regularized, will undermine social and etymological personalities.
Understudies, activists, journalists, entertainers, artists and individuals from varying backgrounds thronged the boulevards to voice their tension against the bill since they accept the bill will represent a genuine risk to their occupation and political predetermination.
In spite of the fact that this arrangement covers exiles from three countries, the individuals in the North-East dread that it will essentially profit the illicit Bengali Hindu vagrants from Bangladesh who have settled in “huge numbers” over the locale.
Despite the fact that the BJP has made a decent attempt sell the bill anticipating it as a procedure to ensure the Hindu character of Assam against the flood of Muslims from Bangladesh, it neglected to consider the dread among the Assamese individuals of social authority of Hindu Bengalis
The Assamese dread that if Bengali Hindus and Bengali Muslims hold hands, Bangla speakers will effortlessly dwarf Assamese-talking individuals in the state, as it has occurred in Tripura where Bengali-Hindu foreigners from East Bengal currently command political force, pushing the first tribals to the edges.

Areas which are exempted

There are two classes that have been given exclusion — states secured by the ‘Inward Line’, and zones secured under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution.

Inward Line Permit (ILP): This is an uncommon license that residents from different pieces of India require to enter a state secured by the ILP system. Without an ILP allowed by the state government, an Indian from another state can’t visit an express that is under the ILP system.
6th Schedule: The Sixth Schedule identifies with extraordinary arrangements in organization of certain Northeastern states. It gives extraordinary forces to Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) in these states. ADCs have forces to authorize laws in zones under their ward on an assortment of subjects, one of its targets being to support self-administration by ancestral networks.

State by state

Assam: The state has three Autonomous District Councils, two of which are topographically adjacent. While these are ensured, CAB will be as a result in a bigger zone.
Meghalaya: This state also has three ADCs. Not at all like in Assam, the ADCs in Meghalaya spread nearly the whole state. Just a little piece of Shillong isn’t secured. Taxi will be viable in that piece of Shillong while the remainder of the state is ensured.
Tripura: One ADC covers around 70% of the state’s region. In any case, the staying 30% holds around 66% of the populace. Taxi is compelling in the littler, all the more thickly populated locales.
Arunachal Pradesh: Entire state secured under ILP system, shielded from CAB.
Nagaland: Entire state secured under ILP system, shielded from CAB. Up until now, just Dimapur used to be outside the system. Presently, ILP has been stretched out to Dimapur, as well, so the entire state is currently excluded.
Mizoram: Entire state secured under ILP system, shielded from CAB. Furthermore, the state has three ADCs that are additionally secured under the Sixth Schedule.
Manipur: Entire state gets new ILP security. The state was not secured under either alternative, however following the presentation of CAB in Parliament, the administration has presented ILP in Manipur as well.

Do you know?

The new correction to the Citizenship Act of 1955 intends to give Indian citizenship to Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi and Christian outcasts from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
An individual having a place with any of these beliefs – who entered India at the very latest December 31, 2014 and have lived in the nation for a long time – can apply for Indian citizenship.

Connecting the dots:

Citizenship Amendment Bill prohibits Muslims as well as makes different intricacies. Dissect.

(TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE)

Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section)

Q.1) Consider the following statements about VoWiFi

It uses high speed Internet connection, available via broadband, to make and receive high definition (HD) voice calls.
This is not much different from a voice call using WhatsApp or any other over-the-top messaging platform which requires the usage of unique app designed for the purposei.e call cannot be made from one number to another