Highlights |UPSC Exam Current Affairs 28-11-2019
UPSC exam current affairs 28-11-2019- The following article contains all the updated events and news for IAS Preparation. Our daily IAS Current Affairs and News cover the most important topics to give precise information to the reader and IAS Aspirants.
- SPECIAL PROTECTION GROUP (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2019
- EXERCISE MITRA SHAKTI-VII: 2019
- Govt. extends 15th finance panel term
- Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)
- QS Rankings: 8 India universities in Asia top 100
- Mannequins with cameras to scan Bengaluru traffic
- Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019
- SCI & TECH
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UPSC Exam Current Affairs and News Analysis (28-11-2019)
SPECIAL PROTECTION GROUP (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2019
Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Security.
In News
- In view of the suggestions of the BirbalNath board of trustees report, SPG appeared in 1985.
- From 1985 to 1988, SPG was represented by an Executive Order and just in 1988, the SPG Act appeared to give security to the Prime Minister and his/her family.
- Under the Act, the Special Protection Group (SPG) gives security to the Prime Minister and his close relatives.
- SPG doesn’t just give physical security, however, it takes care about insurance of Prime Minister’s office, his/her correspondence frameworks, remote visits and issues relating to his/her wellbeing and prosperity.
- It additionally gives security to previous Prime Ministers and their close relatives for a time of one year from the date on which they stop to hold the workplace. Past this period, SPG security is given depends on the degree of risk as chose by the focal government.
- The danger must: (I) radiate from a military or psychological oppressor association, and (ii) be of a grave and proceeding with nature.
Provisions of a new bill
- SPG will currently ensure just the Prime Minister and individuals from his close family dwelling with him at his official living arrangement.
- It will likewise give security to previous Prime Ministers and their close relatives remaining with them at the living arrangement distributed for a time of five years from the date on which they stop to hold office.
- On the off chance that the SPG security is pulled back from a previous Prime Minister, it will likewise be pulled back from his close relatives.
EXERCISE MITRA SHAKTI-VII: 2019
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II – International relations
In News
- The seventh release of India-Sri Lanka joint preparing exercise, Exercise MITRA SHAKTI–2019 is planned to be led at Foreign Training Node (FTN), Pune from 01 – 14 December 2019.
- Exercise MITRA SHAKTI is led every year as a feature of military discretion and communication between multitudes of India and Sri Lanka.
- The point of this joint preparing exercise is to fabricate close relations between multitudes of India and Sri Lanka with attention on subunit level preparing for counter-rebellion and counter-psychological oppression activities.
- Refined gold was being carried into India basically from the United Arab Emirates, while key merchants and purifiers in Africa’s Great Lakes district, with connections to India, were recognized as being a piece of the unlawful gold exchange.
India a major gold smuggling hub
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III – Economy & Security
In News
- The principal report, for money related the year 2020-21, will be submitted in the coming a very long time before the Union Budget, and the second report for the period 2021-26 will be exhibited by October 30, 2020.
- This will adequately mean the fifteenth Finance Commission’s suggestions will be relevant for a long time and not the regular five-year duration.
- fifteenth Finance Commission has seen its terms of reference extended and the rearrangement of J&K, thus, an augmentation of the term.
- The Union Cabinet approved the extension of the term of the 15th Finance Commission, which will now submit two reports. The term had been extended till October 30.
Govt. extends 15th finance panel term
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II – Indian Polity
In News
- The first report, for the financial year 2020-21, will be submitted in the coming months before the Union Budget, and the second report for the period 2021-26 will be presented by October 30, 2020.
- This will effectively mean the 15th Finance Commission’s recommendations will be applicable for six years and not the conventional five-year period.
- 15th Finance Commission has seen its terms of reference expanded and the reorganisation of J&K, and so, an extension of the term.
- The Ninth Finance Commission under the chairmanship of N.K.P. Ointment additionally observed its proposal period stretched out to six years from the ordinary five.
- It has occurred before in the fourteenth Finance Commission when Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were part
Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains I – Geography
In News
- As indicated by the study, Global warming has modified a key climate framework and that might be whetting violent winds in the Bay of Bengal, diminishing winter downpour in north India and changing worldwide precipitation designs.
- The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) can be characterized as an eastbound moving ‘beat’ of mists, precipitation, winds and weight close to the equator that ordinarily repeats each 30 to 60 days.
- MJO is a moving band of downpour mists that movements around the world spreading over 12,000–20,000 km over the tropical seas.
- In its voyage, it associates with surface waters of the Indo-Pacific Ocean, the biggest pool of warm water in the globe, and because of this, the lifecycle of the MJO gets influenced.
- The MJO mists, by and large, are going through just 15 days, rather than 19, over the Indian Ocean. This is influencing the worldwide atmosphere and hence precipitation over India.
Phases of Madden-Julian Oscillation
- The MJO consists of two parts or phases.
- Improved precipitation (or convective) stage: twists at the surface merge, and the air is pushed up all through the air. At the highest point of the air, the breezes switch (i.e., wander). Such rising air movement in the climate will in general increment buildup and precipitation.
- Smothered precipitation stage: twists combine at the highest point of the environment, compelling air to sink and, later, to veer at the surface. As air sinks from high heights, it warms and dries, which smothers precipitation.
- It is this whole dipole structure, that moves west to east with time in the Tropics, causing more shadiness, precipitation, and even storminess in the upgraded convective stage, and more daylight and dryness in the smothered convective stage
Impact on Indian Monsoons
- At the point when it is over the Indian Ocean during the Monsoon season, it brings great precipitation over the Indian subcontinent.
- Then again, when it observes a more extended cycle and remains over the Pacific Ocean, MJO brings terrible news for the Indian Monsoon.
QS Rankings: 8 India universities in Asia top 100
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II – Education
In News
- In the latest QS World University Rankings for Asia, 96 Indian institutions rank among 550 for the continent, out of which 20 are brand-new entries.
- While Mainland China has four in the top 10 this year, India does not yet have a university among the top 30.
- The best performing institution from India is IIT Bombay, which drops one place to 34th position. It is followed by IIT Delhi at 43rd place and IIT Madras at 50th.
- The QS Rankings use a methodology based on 11 metrics:
- Academic reputation (30%); Employer reputation (20%); Faculty/student ratio (10%); International research network (10%); Citations per paper (10%) and papers per faculty (5%);
- Staff with a PhD (5%); Proportion of international faculty (2.5%) and proportion of international students (2.5%); Proportion of inbound exchange students (2.5%) and proportion of outbound exchange students (2.5%)
- India dominates the ‘Staff with PhD’ indicator with seven institutions achieving the perfect 100.00 scores and ranking No. 1 tied in this metric. IIT Bombay is the best Indian university in the ‘Academic Reputation’ indicator.
Do You Know?
- The Indian advanced education framework has become exponentially over the previous decade. The quantity of colleges has almost multiplied, and the quantity of universities has developed by 50 %.
- In any case, the residential interest for tertiary instruction of its young populace — which is evaluated to turn into the world’s biggest by 2030 — is developing more quickly than the extended arrangement.
Miscellaneous
Mannequins with cameras to scan Bengaluru traffic
In News
- Bengaluru Traffic Police office has introduced upwards of 200 life-size mannequins at inconvenience inclined intersections in Bengaluru.
- The mannequins have been equipped with standard police garbs, reflector coats, caps, boots, covers and even shades, trying to fool drivers into accepting that it is a genuine cop.
- Push theory: Studies show that there is less infringement at keeping an eye on intersections contrasted with unmanned ones. The conduct of drivers changes naturally when they see a traffic police officer.
- The mannequins, dressed as traffic police, will consequently deflect recurrent wrongdoers. The thought is evidently roused by ranchers utilizing scarecrows.
(MAINS FOCUS)
POLITY
TOPIC: General Studies 2:
- Welfare plans for powerless areas of the populace by the Center and States and the exhibition of these plans; instruments, laws, foundations and Bodies comprised for the assurance and advancement of these helpless segments.
Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019
Context:
- The Rajya Sabha passed the Transgender Persons’ (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019, despite the fact that few resistance individuals encouraged the house to send the bill to a council for additional investigation.
- Since its presentation in 2016, the enactment has gone under substantial analysis from transgender rights activists.
Objective :
- To accommodate the security of privileges of transgender people, their welfare, and other related issues.
Definition of a transgender person:
- Transgender individual as one whose sexual orientation doesn’t coordinate the sex relegated during childbirth.
- It incorporates trans-men and trans-ladies, people with intersex varieties, sexual orientation queers, and people with socio-social characters, for example, kinnar and hijra.
- Intersex varieties are characterized to mean an individual who during childbirth shows variety in their essential sexual attributes, outside genitalia, chromosomes, or hormones from the regularizing standard of the male or female body.
Highlights:
- Precludes oppression a transgender individual, including disavowal of administration or uncalled for treatment.
- Each transgender individual will reserve a privilege to dwell and be remembered for his family.
- On the off chance that the close family can’t like the transgender individual, the individual might be put in a recovery focus, on the sets of an able court.
- Instructive establishments supported or perceived by the applicable government will give comprehensive training, sports and recreational offices for transgender people, without segregation.
- The legislature must find a way to give wellbeing offices to transgender people including separate HIV observation focuses, and sex reassignment medical procedures.
- A reconsidered endorsement might be gotten just if the individual experiences medical procedure to change their sexual orientation either as a male or a female.
- It should likewise make strides for their salvage and restoration, professional preparing and independent work, make conspires that are transgender touchy and advance their cooperation in social exercises.
- Perceives the accompanying offences against transgender people: (I) constrained or reinforced work (barring mandatory taxpayer driven organization for open purposes), (ii) forswearing of utilization of open spots, (iii) expulsion from the family unit, and town, (iv) physical, sexual, verbal, enthusiastic or monetary maltreatment.
National Council for Transgender persons (NCT):
The NCT will consist of:
(i) Union Minister for Social Justice (Chairperson);
(ii) Minister of State for Social Justice (Vice-Chairperson);
(iii) Secretary of the Ministry of Social Justice;
(iv) One representative from ministries including Health, Home Affairs, and Human Resources Development.
- Different individuals incorporate delegates of the NITI Aayog, and the National Human Rights Commission.
- State governments will likewise be spoken to. The Council will likewise comprise of five individuals from the transgender network and five specialists from non-legislative associations.
- The Council will prompt the focal government just as screen the effect of arrangements, enactment and tasks concerning transgender people. It will likewise review the complaints of transgender people.
Controversies:
- Following fights by the strange network against the 2016 and 2018 bills, the bill postponed in 2019 got rid of not many of the seriously censured arrangements of the 2018 bill, for example, criminalisation of asking and the foundation of a District Screening Committee to process applications for issuance of transgender individual testaments.
- It neglected to join yet different standards in accordance with the Supreme Court judgment in National Legal Services Authority v. Association of India (NALSA v. UOI) in 2014, for example, the privilege of transgender people to self-saw sex personality without experiencing sex reassignment medical procedure, and compulsory reservations in employments and instructive establishments.
- The analysis was likewise made of the lesser discipline for wrongdoings against transgender people contrasted and discipline for violations against cisgender people.
- No legislature or private substance can victimize a transgender individual in business matters, including enrollment, and advancement.
SC Judgements:
- In 2014, the Supreme Court of India conveyed its judgment in National Legal Services Authority v. Association of India (otherwise called, NALSA v. UOI), in which it perceived the privileges of the transgender people in India and set out a progression of measures for verifying transgender people’s privileges by ordering restriction of segregation, suggesting the formation of welfare arrangements and bookings for transgender people in instructive foundations and employments.
- The judgment maintained the privilege of a transgender individual to self-saw sexual orientation personality, ensured by the Constitution of India, without sex reassignment medical procedure.
Conclusion:
- With the Bill turning out to be law, unaltered in any noteworthy structure, notwithstanding such strident restriction, the network is fuming at being disregarded.
- Its lone expectation is that the National Council for Transgender Persons, which should give the institutional system to executing the Act, may permit more scope for fusing authentic requests. Something else, this Act likely could be a glove that evil fits the hand it was customized for.
Connecting the dots:
- The Transgender Persons Act ought to have calculated in recommendations from the network. Basically break down
SCI & TECH
TOPIC: General Studies 3:
- Accomplishments of Indians in science and innovation; indigenization of innovation and growing new innovation.
- Mindfulness in its fields, Space, Computers, apply autonomy, nano-innovation, bio-innovation and issues identifying with protected innovation rights.
Cartosat-3
Context:
- The Indian Space Research Organization’s fruitful dispatch of Cartosat-3, alongside 13 other little U.S. satellites, denotes a significant mechanical achievement for India.
- A propelled Indian Earth Observation satellite constructed and created by ISRO, which will supplant the IRS arrangement.
- It has a panchromatic goal of 0.25 meters making it the imaging satellite with most elevated goals and Mx of 1 meter with a great goal which is a significant improvement from the past payloads in the Cartosat arrangement.
Cartosat, then and now
- Cartosat-3 has been created as an improvement over the Cartosat-1 and Cartosat-2 arrangement satellites, however, ISRO has not yet uncovered the full determinations of this satellite.
- Cartosat-1, propelled in May 2005, was the main Indian remote detecting satellite equipped for taking three-dimensional pictures.
- With a goal of 2.5 meters, which implied it could recognize a vehicle on the ground from space, Cartosat-1 aided in making new computerized maps of more than 150 towns and urban communities in the nation at a size of 1:10,000. Prior maps were of a size of 1:50,000 or even lower.
- Information from this satellite was likewise used to a do an immersion helplessness appraisal of the Indian coastline in case of a wave or a significant twister, and in any event, for assessing the status of water system potential made by an enormous number of undertakings under the Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program.
Cartosat-3
- Cartosat-3 is equipped for extraordinary picture goals of about 25 cm on the ground as against the best worldwide military-grade satellites that can give a 10 cm goals.
- The best satellite pictures industrially accessible are between 25-30 cm.
Applications
- Information from the vast majority of the Cartosat satellites is only utilized by the military.
- Nonetheless, a current approach permits just government and government approved offices to get to ISRO’s high-goals symbolisms beneath a goal of 1 meter.
- Cartosat-3’s optical imaging will likewise recognize exact cartographic or mapping exercises.
- The symbolisms are likewise utilized for urban and rustic foundation arranging, beachfront land use and guideline, utility administration, for example, observing street systems, water lattices or appropriation, making of land use maps, fiasco the executives, and so forth.
Connecting the dots:
- ISRO’s certifications as an ideal example for India’s innovative capacities have been braced, despite everything it has far to go as far as its notoriety for being an empowering agent of a nearby business. Break down
(TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE)
Model questions: (You can now post your answers in the comment section)
Q.1) Consider the following statements about Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)
- Indian Ocean Dipole and El-Nino remain over their respective positions, while MJO is a traversing phenomenon
- When MJO is over the Indian Ocean during the Monsoon season, it brings good rainfall over the Indian subcontinent.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Q.2) Consider the following statements about Finance Commission
- It is a statutory body established under Finance Commission Act, 1951.
- The term of 15th Finance Commission has been extended whose recommendations will be now applicable for six years, which has happened for the first time in India’s history.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Q.3) Mitra Shakti is a military exercise conducted between India and which other country/countries?
- USA, Japan and Australia
- Nepal
- Sri Lanka
- None of the above
Q.4) Consider the following Statements about Special Protection Group (SPG)
- SPG came into existence in 1985 based on the recommendations of BirbalNath committee report
- From 1985 to 1988, SPG was governed by an Executive Order and only in 1988, the SPG Act came into existence to provide security to the Prime Minister and his/her family.
- SPG provides only physical security to Prime Minister but the protection of Prime Minister’s office, his/her communication systems, foreign tours and issues pertaining to his/her health and well being are taken care by Indian Army
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1,2 and 3
Q.5) Consider the following statements
- UNESCO, in its latest report, has said that India has become one of the largest gold smuggling hubs in the world with one-third of the world’s gold passing through India
- Three primary factors for smuggling gold through India are: tax breaks, falsified origin documents and complicit allies
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
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