UPSC Exam Current Affairs and News Analysis (20-01-2020)

upsc exam current affairs 20-01-2020

Highlights |UPSC Exam Current Affairs 20-01-2020

UPSC exam current affairs 20-01-2020 The following article contains all the updated events and news for IAS Preparation. Our daily IAS Current Affairs and News cover the most important topics to give precise information to the reader and IAS Aspirants.

  • Nearly extinct northern white rhino
  • Rare migratory eagle 
  • NBFCs to get  more lending room
  • Indian Federalism

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UPSC Exam Current Affairs and News Analysis (20-01-2020)

Nearly extinct northern white rhino

Part of: GS Prelims –Environment and GS-III- Conservation

In news :

  • Specialists had made the third incipient organism the about terminated northern white rhino, an exceptional achievement in a continuous worldwide crucial prevent the species from going wiped out.

From Prelims Point of view

The northern white rhinoceros

  • The northern white rhinoceros is one of two subspecies of the white rhinoceros (the other being the southern white rhinoceros).
  • Found in a few nations in East and Central Africa south of the Sahara,
  • It is a nibbler in meadows and savanna forests.
  • As indicated by the most recent International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) appraisal from 2011, the subspecies is considered “Fundamentally Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild).

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

  • IUCN is an enrollment association particularly made out of both government and common society associations.
  • Made in 1948, it is the worldwide expert on the status of the common world and the measures expected to defend it.
  • It is headquartered in Switzerland.
  • The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the world’s most thorough stock of the worldwide preservation status of plant and creature species.
  • It utilizes a lot of quantitative criteria to assess the elimination danger of species. These criteria are important to most species and all districts of the world.
  • The IUCN Red List Categories characterize the annihilation danger of species surveyed. Nine classes stretch out from NE (Not Evaluated) to EX (Extinct). Basically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) and Vulnerable (VU) species are viewed as undermined with annihilation.
  • It is perceived as the most legitimate manual for the status of organic assorted variety.

China coronavirus: Number of cases jumps

Part of: GS Prelims –Sci & Tech and GS-III- Health

From Prelims Point of view

Coronavirus:

  • Coronaviruses (CoV) are an enormous group of infections that cause sickness running from the normal virus to progressively extreme maladies, for example, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).
  • Coronaviruses are zoonotic, which means they are transmitted among creatures and individuals.

Model (Agricultural) Land Leasing Act

Part of: GS Prelims –Polity and GS-II  Acts

In news:

  • It is likewise a key marker for the SDGs and Aichi Targets.
  • Karnataka government’s transition to revise the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961 depends on the Model (Agricultural) Land Leasing Act, 2016.

From Prelims Point of view

Model (Agricultural) Land Leasing Act, 2016:

  1. Model (Agricultural) Land Leasing Act, 2016 is proposed by the Center’s research organization NITI Aayog to build interests in agribusiness and efficiency.
  2. Legitimize land renting to advance farming productivity, value and force decrease. This will likewise help in much-required profitability improvement in farming just as the word related versatility of the individuals and fast rustic change.
  3. This is a significant advance for land changes through which the requirements of the proprietor, just as leaseholder, have been dealt with.
  4. Through this demonstration, the proprietor can legitimately rent the land with shared assent for farming and associated exercises. In this demonstration, it has been taken consideration that in any conditions the rented holders’ case ashore won’t be substantial.
  5. The leaseholder may get an institutional advance, protection and debacle alleviation so he may put increasingly more in farming.
  6. Permit programmed resumption of the land after the concurred rent time frame without requiring any base region of land to be left with the inhabitant much after the end of tenure, as laws of certain states require.
  7. Boost inhabitants to make an interest in land improvement and furthermore qualifies them to get back the unused estimation of the speculation at the hour of the end of the occupancy.
  8. So as to determine the question between the landowner and leaseholder, the arrangement of “Extraordinary Land Tribunal” has been made in the Civil Court.

Rare migratory eagle 

Part of: GS Prelims –Environment and GS-III Conservation

In news :

A solitary imperilled steppe hawk (Aquila nipalensis) has been located by a gathering of birdwatchers

From Prelims Point of view

Steppe eagle

  • Romania east through the south Russian and Central Asian steppes to Mongolia. The European and Central Asian winged creatures winter in Africa, and the eastern fowls in India.
  • IUCN Endangered
  • It is likewise the National winged (creature) of Egypt

Irrawaddy dolphins 

Part of: GS Prelims –Environment and GS-III Conservation

In news :

  • Irrawaddy dolphins located in Odisha’s Chilika lake.
  • India’s biggest harsh water lake(Chilika) is home to their most elevated single tidal pond populace.

From Prelims Point of view

Irrawaddy dolphins:

  • Endangered  — IUCN
  • Living in brackish water near coasts, river mouths and in estuaries in South and Southeast Asia
  • Found in – Ganges, Mekong and Irrawaddy river system

Chilika Lake:

  • Chilika Lake It is the largest coastal lagoon or brackish water lake in India and Asia and second-largest lagoon in the world 

Budget 2020: ”#ArthShastri” campaign

Part of: GS Prelims –Economy and GS-III Budget

In news: From Prelims Point of view

  • Fund Ministry to clarify financial terms through #ArthShastri online life battle.
  • Through the “#ArthShastri” crusade, the service would clarify a few financial terms through fascinating enlivened recordings to assist normal with keeping an eye on and understudies comprehend spending exercise in a basic manner.

NBFCs to get  more lending room

Part of: GS Prelims –Economy and GS-III Banking sector

In news:

  • The administration is discussing a component to get credit streaming by offering help to non-banking fund organizations (NBFCs) in the midst of a developing acknowledgement that money related division stress has affected interest and slowed down financial recuperation.
  • The alternatives that have been thought in front of the February 1 spending plan incorporate an arrangement similar to the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) that the US set up after the subprime contract emergency that started the monetary emergency of 2007-08.

From Prelims Point of view

NBFC :

  • Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) alludes to a money related foundation. NBFC is a sort of organization occupied with the matter of getting credits and advances, procurement of stocks or offers, renting, enlist buy, protection business, chit business under Companies Act 2013.
  • The fundamental business movement of the NBFCs is to raise capital assets from open contributors and financial specialists and afterwards loan to borrowers according to the standards and guidelines endorsed by the Reserve Bank of India.
  • NBFCs are turning into an option in contrast to the banking and budgetary area.
  • In NBFC there is a prerequisite of least net claimed reserve of Rs. 2 Crore.

Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) :

  • Covering, extended as the Troubled Asset Relief Program was an inventive measure propelled by the U.S. Treasury so as to balance out the monetary arrangement of the nation, reestablish the development of the economy and forestall dispossessions during the wake of the money related emergency that struck the US in 2008.
  • The Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) is a program of the United States government to buy dangerous resources and value from money related establishments to fortify its monetary part.

Miscellaneous Topics For Prelims

Stagflation :

Stagflation is a monetary situation where an economy faces both high expansion and low development (and high joblessness) simultaneously. (Previous Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had cautioned about the up and coming danger of stagflation confronting the economy)

Hong Kong Crisis :

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 20th January 2020
Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 20th January 2020

Niranjan Bhat committee: 

  • The Supreme Court has, forms committee to draft mediation law
  • The panel, to be headed by mediator Niranjan Bhat, will recommend a code of conduct for mediators

Gig economy

  • A labour market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs.

(MAINS FOCUS)


Indian Federalism

Topic: General Studies 2:

  • Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure

Bru Refugees

Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 20th January 2020
Daily Current Affairs IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 20th January 2020

Source of Pic

Context:

The quadripartite understanding marked between Center, State administration of Tripura and Mizoram and delegates of Brus Organization to settle Brus outcasts in Tripura.

Who is Brus?

  • The Brus additionally alluded to as the Readings, are spread over the north-eastern conditions of Tripura, Assam, Manipur, and Mizoram. Readings or Brus are the second biggest ethnic gathering in Mizoram.
  • They are ethnically unique in relation to the Mizos, with their own unmistakable language and lingo
  • In Tripura, they are perceived as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG).

Conflict in Mizoram:

  • In 1995, Mizos, the greater part clan of the province of Mizoram, requested that Brus be let alone for the state’s constituent moves as they battled that they are not indigenous to Mizoram.
  • In 1997, ethnic savagery constrained generally a large portion of the Bru populace to escape the state in enormous numbers to neighbouring Tripura.
  • Their mass migration in 1997 was prodded by vicious conflicts in Mammoth subdivision, a Reang-overwhelmed territory, when they requested the formation of an Autonomous District Council (ADC), under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution, in western Mizoram that was passionately restricted by Mizo gatherings.
  • As of now, around 35,000 (in excess of 5,000 families) Bru displaced people living in Tripura camps.

Progress over the past two decades

  • The Center and the two-State governments included made nine endeavours to resettle the Brus in Mizoram. The first was in November 2010 when 1,622 Bru families with 8,573 individuals returned. Fights by Mizos slowed down the procedure in consequent years.
  • In June 2018, Bru pioneers (Mizoram Bru Displaced People’s Forum-MBDPF) consented to an arrangement in Delhi with the Center and the two-state governments, accommodating repatriation to Mizoram (cutoff time to move back to Mizoram was set as Sep 2020) alongside recovery bundle (free proportion, lodging help, training)
  • In any case, the camp inhabitants said the bundle didn’t ensure their security in Mizoram and were not content with the cutoff time (to repatriate to Mizoram) gave by the administration. Along these lines dread of a rehash of the viciousness prompts the disappointment of understanding.

How is this agreement different from the earlier initiatives taken for the Bru?

  • Permits Bru evacuees to for all time settle in Tripura in the event that they need to remain on. They will be given democratic rights in Tripura. The Bru who came back to Mizoram in the eight periods of repatriation since 2009, can’t be that as it may, return to Tripura.
  • Crisp Survey: To learn the quantity of those settled in help camps
  • Extraordinary formative bundle notwithstanding the Rs 600 crore finance reported for the procedure, including benefits for the vagrants.
  • Recovery Package: Each family will get 0.03 section of land (1.5 ganda) of land for building a home, Rs 1.5 lakh as lodging help, and Rs 4 lakh as a one-time money advantage for sustenance.
  • They will likewise get a month to month remittance of Rs 5,000,(through Aadhar empowered Direct Benefit Transfer) and free apportions for a long time from the date of resettlement.
  • The course of events gave: All Bru outcasts will be moved to resettlement areas in four groups, preparing for the conclusion of the brief camps inside 180 days of the consenting to of the arrangement and lodging and instalments finished with 270 days.

Role of Tripura’s erstwhile royal family

  • Pradyot Kishore Debbarma, the scion of Tripura’s recent illustrious family, claimes that the Bru were initially from Tripura, and had moved to Mizoram after their homes were overflowed because of the dispatching of the Dumboor hydroelectric force venture in South Tripura in 1976.
  • This exertion by a socially regarded individual prompted simple acknowledgement of Brus by Mizoram political framework.
  • Pradyot Deb Barman, who is likewise one of the signatories, resolved to give 35 sections of land for the purpose, consequently facilitating the weight on government as they continued looking for land.

Concerns/Challenges:

  • It could set an awful point of reference and “legitimize” the discharge of minority networks by ethnocentric states.
  • The dislodged Brus who came back to Mizoram has just started requesting a bundle identical to the one the individuals who remained behind in the Tripura alleviation camps.
  • It could fuel struggle with local people of Tripura (among Brus and Bengali non-innate individuals)
  • Timberlands would be flattened down in order to give the land expected to settle Brus. About 162 sections of land will be required for the procedure and since Tripura is a little express, the administration would seek redirection of woodland land for human settlement reason.

Connecting the dots

  • Naga issues and its linkage with states of Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh
  • Cooperative Federalism
  • Other internal refugees in India – Kashmiri Pandits

Economy and Governance

General Studies 2:

  • Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. 

General Studies 3:

  • Indian Economy and issues identifying with arranging, assembly, of assets, development, improvement and work.
  • Impacts of advancement on the economy, changes in mechanical strategy and their consequences for modern development.

Make In India: Is it a failure?

Context: 

Approaching Union Budget for FY 2020-21 out of sight of fears of stagflation in economy and fulfilment of five years of Make in India Scheme

What is the Make in India Scheme?

  • The Make in India activity was propelled by Government in September 2014 to change India into a worldwide structure and assembling center point.
  • It was propelled in the setting of India’s development rate falling and increasing youth populace who were searching for occupations (which can be caught up in huge numbers by assembling area)
  • It is intended to encourage speculation, cultivate advancement, improve expertise improvement, ensure licensed innovation and assemble top tier producing framework in the nation. The initiative is based on four pillars:
    • New Processes: Ease of doing business is identified as an important factor for promoting investment & entrepreneurship
    • New Infrastructure: To develop industrial corridors and smart cities to provide infrastructure based on state-of-the-art technology with modern high-speed communication and integrated logistic arrangements
    • New Sectors: Make in India’ has identified 25 sectors in manufacturing, infrastructure and service activities. These include automobiles, aviation, chemicals, IT & BPM, pharmaceuticals, construction, defence manufacturing, electrical machinery, food processing etc.
    • New Mindset: Government will act as a facilitator of economic growth (partnering with the private sector) and not as a regulator.

The targets of the Scheme

  1. To expand the assembling division’s development rate to 12-14% per annum.
  2. To expand the commitment of the assembling division to 25% of the GDP by 2020 from the current 16%
  3. Production of 100 million extra assembling employments in the economy by 2022

Have the above targets been achieved?

  1. Development of interest in the economy: Gross fixed capital arrangement of the private segment, a proportion of total venture, declined to 28.6% of GDP in 2017-18 from 31.3% in 2013-14 (Economic Survey 2018-19). This shows frail speculation by the private area regardless of adaptable arrangements from this plan
  2. Yield development: Monthly IIP relating to assembling has enrolled twofold digit development rates just on two events during the time of April 2012 to November 2019.
  3. Work: Unemployment jumped to a four-decade high of 6.1 percent as per the National Sample Survey Office’s investigation for 2017-18 that was discharged in May 2019.

Way forward

  • Such kind of super ventures which have long incubation periods and slack impacts the appraisals of plan can be untimely.
  • Settling Banking Sector Crisis: Twin asset report issue and NBFC emergency needs to handled forcefully in order to support the credit outtake development rate.
  • Boosting Consumer request: Weak rainstorm alongside disturbance brought about by demonetization and hurried usage of GST lead to falling livelihoods which affected the buyer request. This launches the speculation cycle and in this manner fabricating development
  • Skilling of individuals: It will guarantee that individuals are outfitted with the important aptitudes and consequently diminishing the preparation costs for firms.

Connecting the Dots

  • New manufacturing Policy
  • Impact on US-China trade war on Make In India Scheme

(TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE)


Model questions: (You can now post your answers in the comment section)

Q.1) Which of the following statements is/are correct?

  1. Viruses lack enzymes necessary for the generation of energy.
  2. Viruses can be cultured in any synthetic medium.
  3. Viruses are transmitted from one organism to another by biological vectors only

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

  1. 1 only 
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Q.2) Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Viruses can infect 

  1. bacteria
  2. fungi
  3. plants

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  1. 1 and 2 only 
  2. 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only 
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Q3. Consider the following statements: 

  1. In tropical regions, Coronavirus disease is transmitted by the same mosquito that transmits dengue.
  2. Sexual transmission of Coronavirus disease is possible.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only 
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2

Q4. The “Red Data Books’’ published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources (IUCN) contain lists of? 

  1. Endemic plant and animal species present in the biodiversity hotspots.
  2. Threatened plant and animal species.
  3. Protected sites for conservation of nature and natural resources in various countries.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

  1. 1 and 3 
  2. 2 only
  3. 2 and 3 
  4. 3 only

Q5. With reference to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which of the following statements is/are correct?

  1. IUCN is an organ of the United Nations and CITES is an international agreement between governments.
  2. IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to better manage natural environments.
  3. CITES is legally binding on the States that have joined it, but this Convention does not take the place of national laws.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  1. 1 only 
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only 
  4. 1, 2 and 3


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